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Orienteering as a Tool for Cognitive Research: An Implementation Guide
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Exercise, brain, and cognition across the life span.

Michelle W Voss1, Lindsay S Nagamatsu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose

  • 1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Dept. of Psychology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
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Physical activity and exercise benefit brain health and cognition across the lifespan. Both aerobic and resistance training are crucial for cognitive function and brain health, especially in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise neuroscience
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Lifespan psychology

Background:

  • Physical activity and exercise significantly impact brain health and cognitive function.
  • Research has historically emphasized aerobic exercise benefits, particularly in younger populations.
  • There is a growing recognition of resistance training's role in cognitive maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the relationship between physical activity, exercise, and brain/cognition across the lifespan in healthy individuals.
  • To explore the effects of both aerobic and resistance training.
  • To provide an overview of potential neurobiological mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence.
  • Focus on non-pathological populations.
  • Inclusion of findings from non-human animal models for neurobiological insights.

Main Results:

  • Aerobic exercise shows benefits for youth and young adults' cognition.
  • Both aerobic and resistance training are vital for maintaining cognitive and brain health in older age.
  • Evidence suggests exercise type and intensity influence cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise is critical for lifelong brain and cognitive health.
  • Future research should investigate exercise type, intensity, and their impact on cognition and clinical outcomes.
  • A unified multi-modal neuroimaging framework and integrated human-animal models are needed.