Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
09:29
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
Published on: August 21, 2017
Optic neuritis.
D Pau1, N Al Zubidi, S Yalamanchili
1Department of Ophthalmology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Eye (London, England)
|April 30, 2011
Summary
Optic neuritis (ON) can be isolated or linked to multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is distinct from MS, with unique ON treatment and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-ophthalmology
- Clinical Neurology
- Demyelinating Diseases
Background:
- Optic neuritis (ON) presents as unilateral, subacute, painful vision loss.
- It is often idiopathic or demyelinating in adults.
- ON can be associated with systemic or neurological symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a clinical update on optic neuritis (ON).
- To review the association of ON with multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To discuss the relationship between ON and neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
Main Methods:
- Literature review using PubMed (1964-2010).
- Included original articles, reviews, and case reports on ON, MS, and NMO.
- Focused on epidemiology, histopathology, clinical manifestations, imaging, genetics, and treatment.
Main Results:
- Demyelinating ON is frequently associated with MS.
- Key studies including the ON Treatment Trial and MS treatment trials were reviewed.
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is considered a separate disorder from MS.
Conclusions:
- Acute demyelinating ON can occur independently or with MS.
- Typical ON evaluation requires cranial MRI.
- ON in NMO differs from MS in treatment and prognosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
01:19Encephalitis l: Introduction
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
01:18Viral Meningitis
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...