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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein (review).

E Auvinen1, K Crusius, B Steuer

  • 1DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT VIROL,HAARTMAN INST,FIN-00290 HELSINKI,FINLAND.

International Journal of Oncology
|April 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to anogenital cancers.
  • HPV type 16 is frequently associated with cellular transformation.
  • HPV 16 E6 and E7 proteins are potent oncogenes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of HPV 16 E5 protein in early cervical carcinogenesis.
  • To understand the mechanism of E5 protein's oncogenic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epidemiological and clinical tumor data.
  • In vitro cell transformation experiments.
  • Examination of growth factor-mediated signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • HPV 16 E5 protein identified as an oncogene.

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A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
09:20

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 23, 2010

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

  • E5 protein enhances growth factor signaling, increasing proliferation.
  • E5 protein inhibits gap junctional communication, aiding escape from growth control.

    • Conclusions:

    • HPV 16 E5 protein plays a role in early cervical carcinogenesis.
    • E5 protein facilitates cellular transformation by interfering with growth control mechanisms.
    • E5 protein cooperates with E6 and E7 proteins in epithelial cell transformation.