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Related Concept Videos

Reactions of Acid Anhydrides01:19

Reactions of Acid Anhydrides

The reactions of acid anhydrides are analogous to the reactions of acid chlorides and proceed via a nucleophilic acyl substitution. They only differ in the identity of the leaving group. During an acid chloride reaction, the leaving group is a chloride ion, and the by-product is hydrochloric acid. However, in an acid anhydride reaction, the leaving group is a carboxylate ion, and the by-product is a carboxylic acid.
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:46

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only in the...
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Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism. 
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Reaction Stoichiometry

A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. These quantitative relationships are known as the reaction’s...
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Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:

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[Ashi points, Ashi method and pressing reaction].

Zhao-hui Wang1, Zhi-feng Zhang, Xiao-jun Ding

  • 1Faculty of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi College of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China. wzhhjzh@163.com

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu = Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ashi points, often found through palpation, are tender spots indicating acupuncture meridians and collaterals. Their identification relies on pressing reactions like comfort or pain relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Acupuncture Research
  • Meridian Theory

Context:

  • Review of Ashi points and the Ashi method.
  • Exploration based on Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine).
  • Focus on palpation in acupoint location.

Purpose:

  • To define the meaning and characteristics of Ashi points.
  • To introduce the concept of "pressing reaction" for acupoint identification.
  • To elucidate the dynamic nature of acupoints, meridians, and collaterals.

Summary:

  • Ashi points are acupoints without fixed names or locations, identified by palpation.
  • They represent reactions within acupuncture meridians and collaterals, reflecting dynamic states.
  • "Pressing reaction," including comfort, pain, and symptom relief, is key evidence for identifying Ashi points.

Impact:

  • Provides a deeper understanding of Ashi points in acupuncture practice.
  • Highlights the significance of palpation and patient feedback in acupoint selection.
  • Contributes to the theoretical framework of meridian and collateral functions.