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Related Concept Videos

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection
09:24

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection

Published on: April 6, 2022

Crustacean immunity.

Lage Cerenius1, Pikul Jiravanichpaisal, Hai-Peng Liu

  • 1Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. lage.cerenius@ebc.uu.se

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Recent research details crustacean innate immunity, focusing on molecular characterization of lectins, antiviral responses, and hemocyte development. This advances understanding of immune pathways crucial for aquaculture.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Marine Biology
  • Crustacean Research

Background:

  • Crustacean aquaculture is economically significant.
  • Understanding innate immunity is vital for disease management in crustaceans.
  • Previous research has laid groundwork for exploring crustacean immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in crustacean innate immune mechanisms.
  • To present detailed molecular data on key immune components.
  • To highlight the regulation of innate immune pathways in crustaceans.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular characterization of lectins.
  • Analysis of antiviral reactions.
  • Investigation of hemocyte formation and differentiation.

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Assessing the Putative Anticryptococcal Properties of Crude and Clarified Extracts from Mollusks
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Assessing the Putative Anticryptococcal Properties of Crude and Clarified Extracts from Mollusks

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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  • Study of innate immune pathway regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed data on the molecular characteristics of crustacean lectins.
    • Insights into the mechanisms of antiviral responses in crustaceans.
    • Elucidation of hemocyte development and differentiation processes.
    • Understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing innate immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in understanding crustacean innate immunity.
    • This knowledge is critical for improving disease resistance in aquaculture.
    • Further research continues to uncover complex immune pathways.