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A thoracic mass infiltrating the chest wall.

A Petroianni¹, V Conti, C Terzano

¹Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Fondazione E. Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Rome, Italy. angelo.petroianni@uniroma1.it

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

|May 3, 2011

Summary

This report details a rare case of thoracic actinomycosis, a bacterial infection mimicking lung cancer. Prompt diagnosis using imaging and histology is crucial for effective treatment and preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

Medical Microbiology
Thoracic Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces, a gram-positive filamentous bacterium.
Approximately 15% of Actinomyces infections manifest in the thorax, often presenting as a chest wall mass.
Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to contiguous spread and systemic involvement.

Observation:

A case is presented where a thoracic mass infiltrated the chest wall, initially resembling a pulmonary invasive neoplasm.
Radiological and histological imaging played a critical role in differentiating the condition from malignancy.
Actinomyces identification and isolation can be challenging due to its microaerophilic nature.

Findings:

The case highlights the importance of considering actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of thoracic masses.
Characteristic imaging findings and histological examination were decisive in achieving a correct diagnosis.
The report discusses the diagnostic challenges associated with this difficult-to-isolate bacterium.

Implications:

Accurate and timely diagnosis of thoracic actinomycosis is essential for appropriate management.
Understanding the radiological and histological features aids in distinguishing it from neoplastic processes.
Effective treatment can prevent severe complications associated with untreated thoracic actinomycosis.