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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

Flame Photometry: Lab

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Note: a portable, light-emitting diode-based ruby fluorescence spectrometer for high-pressure calibration.

¹The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|May 3, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a safer, portable manometer using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of lasers. The new design offers a robust alternative for high-pressure measurements.

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High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

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Published on: October 10, 2014

Highly Sensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Detection with a Portable FRET Analyzer

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

Highly Sensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Detection with a Portable FRET Analyzer

Highly Sensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Detection with a Portable FRET Analyzer

Published on: October 1, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Ruby (Al(2)O(3) with Cr doping) is a common manometer for gigapascal-scale pressure measurements.
Conventional ruby manometry relies on intense laser excitation sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel, simple, robust, and portable design for ruby manometry.
To explore the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as an alternative excitation source.

Main Methods:

Development of a new manometer system utilizing LEDs for ruby fluorescence excitation.
Comparison of the LED-based system with traditional laser-based systems.

Main Results:

The developed LED-based system is simple, robust, and portable.
The LED-based system offers a safer alternative to laser-based ruby manometers.

Conclusions:

LEDs provide a viable and safer excitation method for ruby manometry.
This innovation enhances the accessibility and safety of high-pressure measurements.