Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stability of Zika Virus Antibodies in Specimens from a Retrospective Serological Study.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2021
Same author

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Zika Virus Transmission in Indonesia: Serosurveillance Data from a Pediatric Population.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2021
Same author

Possible Effects of Climate Change on Ixodid Ticks and the Pathogens They Transmit: Predictions and Observations.

Journal of medical entomology·2020
Same author

Continuation of Mosquito Surveillance and Control During Public Health Emergencies and Natural Disasters.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2020
Same author

Rickettsia felis identified in two fatal cases of acute meningoencephalitis.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2020
Same author

Absence of Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Cord Blood and Urine from Newborns with Congenital Abnormalities, Indonesia.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2020
Same journal

Detection of and Early Genomic Insights into Chikungunya Virus, Bolivia, 2025.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Household Transmission of Enterovirus D68, Washington and Oregon, United States, 2022-2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

New World Ocular Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens Infection, United States.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Angiostrongylus cantonensis Rat Lungworm Detected in Rats, Madagascar, 2022-2023.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis,
North Queensland, Australia, 2023<sup>1</sup>.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Trends in Congenital Syphilis Cases by Maternal Country of Birth, Spain, 2016-2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

Vector-borne infections.

Ronald Rosenberg1, C Ben Beard

  • 1Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. rrosenberg@cdc.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vector-borne pathogen infections are a key source of emerging diseases. Pathogen adaptations to vectors significantly impact transmission rates to humans, increasing disease emergence risks.

More Related Videos

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
07:21

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: August 25, 2018

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses
05:22

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
07:21

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: August 25, 2018

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses
05:22

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • One Health

Background:

  • Vector-borne diseases represent a significant global health threat, frequently emerging in human populations.
  • Vectors act as crucial links between animal reservoirs and human hosts, facilitating pathogen transmission.
  • Pathogen adaptation to vectors can alter transmission dynamics and disease emergence potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of vector-borne pathogens in emerging infectious diseases.
  • To emphasize the significance of vector ecology in disease emergence.
  • To underscore the impact of pathogen adaptation on transmission to humans.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on vector-borne diseases and pathogen emergence.
  • Analysis of ecological factors influencing vector-host interactions.
  • Examination of molecular adaptations in pathogens affecting vector competence.

Main Results:

  • Vector-borne pathogen infections are a primary driver of emerging diseases.
  • Vectors' ability to traverse ecological barriers enhances disease emergence opportunities.
  • Minor pathogen adaptations to vectors can drastically alter human transmission rates.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding vector-pathogen interactions is critical for predicting and preventing emerging infectious diseases.
  • Ecological and adaptive factors play a pivotal role in the emergence of vector-borne illnesses.
  • Targeting pathogen adaptation within vectors may offer novel strategies for disease control.