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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Autonomic dysfunction in PD: a window to early detection?

David S Goldstein1, LaToya Sewell, Yehonatan Sharabi

  • 1Clinical Neurocardiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1620, USA. goldsteind@ninds.nih.gov

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease (PD) is complex. Cardiac sympathetic denervation and striatal dopaminergic loss are independent processes, varying in severity and timing relative to motor symptoms.

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Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
10:32

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Published on: June 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is proposed as an early biomarker for Parkinson disease (PD).
  • Cardiac sympathetic denervation is linked to non-motor symptoms like orthostatic hypotension (OH).
  • The relationship between autonomic dysfunction and dopaminergic deficits in PD is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cardiac sympathetic denervation and striatal dopaminergic lesions in Parkinson disease.
  • To determine if autonomic dysfunction severity correlates with motor symptom severity in PD.
  • To understand the temporal relationship between autonomic and motor symptoms in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cardiac sympathetic imaging (6-Fluoromethyl-dopamine PET) and striatal dopaminergic imaging (6-fluorodopa PET) in Parkinson disease patients.
  • Assessed non-motor manifestations including orthostatic hypotension (OH).
  • Correlated imaging findings with clinical motor and non-motor assessments.

Main Results:

  • Severity of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cardiac sympathetic denervation are not directly related to the severity of putamen dopaminergic lesions in PD patients.
  • Cardiac sympathetic denervation can precede motor onset by several years, occur concurrently, or manifest as a late finding.
  • Evidence suggests independent noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways are affected in Lewy body diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The view of autonomic dysfunction as a simple early biomarker for PD requires revision.
  • Cardiac sympathetic and striatal dopaminergic lesions in PD appear to be independent processes.
  • Clinicians should consider subtle parkinsonian signs in elderly patients with autonomic failure.