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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Pediatric epileptology.

Mustafa Sahin1, Ian Miller, Gregory L Holmes

  • 1Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric epilepsy research focuses on understanding drug-resistant seizures and improving surgical options for children with "non-lesional" epilepsy. Advances in neurobiology offer new therapeutic targets, aiming for seizure freedom and better quality of life.

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
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Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Significant challenges persist in pediatric epilepsy, including understanding pharmacoresistance in epileptic encephalopathies and developing surgical treatments for non-lesional epilepsy.
  • While genetic understanding of childhood epilepsy has grown, effective treatment interventions remain limited for many affected children.
  • Breakthroughs in tuberous sclerosis complex, involving hamartin and tuberin, have led to clinical trials for sirolimus and everolimus, yet many children still lack effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research and implications in pediatric epilepsy, focusing on neurobiological underpinnings of treatment resistance and surgical options.
  • To highlight advancements in identifying epileptogenic zones in non-lesional epilepsy through integrated imaging and electrographic data.
  • To discuss the potential of data sharing pipelines in advancing the understanding and validation of the epileptogenic zone for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research in pediatric epilepsy, particularly concerning neurobiology, pharmacoresistance, and surgical interventions.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging and electrographic techniques for localizing seizure onset in non-lesional epilepsy.
  • Exploration of the role of genetic and molecular targets, such as hamartin and tuberin, in epilepsy development and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Understanding the neurobiology of tuberous sclerosis complex has enabled clinical trials for new drugs like sirolimus and everolimus.
  • Co-registered synthesis of functional, structural, and electrographic data aids in identifying seizure foci in previously non-lesional epilepsy cases.
  • Prospective data sharing initiatives show promise for increasing understanding and validation of the epileptogenic zone.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, a substantial number of children with epilepsy remain outside the scope of current interventional therapies, facing significant seizure burdens and psychosocial challenges.
  • Advanced imaging and data integration techniques offer hope for identifying surgical targets in non-lesional epilepsy, potentially leading to seizure freedom.
  • Continued research and collaborative data sharing are crucial for advancing pediatric epilepsy treatment and improving the lives of affected children.