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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single exposure...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
04:34

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

Oral desensitization for food hypersensitivity.

Michael H Land1, Edwin H Kim, A Wesley Burks

  • 1Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building I, DUMC Box 2644, Durham, NC 27710, USA. m.land@duke.edu

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Food allergy is a growing global health issue. Research explores allergen immunotherapy to induce oral tolerance, offering a potential disease-modifying treatment beyond emergency epinephrine rescue therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Food allergy prevalence is rising internationally, posing significant health risks.
  • Current management relies on strict dietary avoidance and emergency epinephrine, which are not disease-modifying.
  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, rapid allergic reaction requiring immediate intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the mechanisms underlying oral tolerance in the context of food allergy.
  • To understand the breakdown of oral tolerance that leads to the development of food allergies.
  • To review the historical development and current status of oral and sublingual immunotherapy for food allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oral tolerance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the pathophysiology of food allergy.
  • Examination of historical data and current clinical trial outcomes for allergen immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Oral tolerance involves complex immune regulatory pathways.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to food allergy.
  • Allergen immunotherapy aims to re-establish immune tolerance to food allergens.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding oral tolerance is crucial for developing effective food allergy treatments.
  • Allergen immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for food allergy.
  • Further research into oral and sublingual immunotherapy is warranted to improve patient outcomes.