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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Nursing home deficiency citations for infection control.

Nicholas G Castle¹, Laura M Wagner, Jamie C Ferguson-Rome

¹Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. CASTLEN@Pitt.edu

American Journal of Infection Control

|May 3, 2011

Summary

Low staffing in nursing homes is linked to infection control deficiencies (F-Tag 441). This highlights the need for better infection control programs to protect elderly residents.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Healthcare quality
Infection control
Geriatric care

Background:

Nursing home infection control is assessed via deficiency citations, such as F-Tag 441.
These citations identify potential infection control issues during annual nursing home certifications.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the association between nursing home staffing levels and infection control deficiency citations.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting (OSCAR) database (2000-2007).
Analyzed approximately 100,000 nursing home observations using multivariate analyses and generalized estimating equations.

Main Results:

An average of 15% of nursing homes received infection control deficiency citations annually.
Lower staffing levels for nurse aides, Licensed Practical Nurses, and Registered Nurses were significantly associated with receiving these citations.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of infection control citations indicates systemic issues in nursing home infection control programs.
Increased focus on infection control is crucial for safeguarding vulnerable elderly populations in nursing homes.