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Inducing Dendritic Growth in Cultured Sympathetic Neurons

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Schwann cell growth factors.

M C Raff, E Abney, J P Brockes

|November 1, 1978

Summary

Bovine pituitary and brain extracts significantly stimulate rat Schwann cell proliferation, independent of cyclic AMP levels. This suggests at least two distinct pathways regulate Schwann cell division.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Schwann cells are crucial for peripheral nerve function.
Understanding Schwann cell proliferation is key for nerve regeneration research.
Existing growth factors do not fully explain Schwann cell mitogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify factors that promote Schwann cell proliferation.
To investigate the mechanisms underlying Schwann cell growth stimulation.
To explore potential synergistic effects with known mitogens.

Main Methods:

Culturing purified rat Schwann cells.
Testing crude bovine tissue extracts (pituitary, brain, nerve roots, liver, kidney) for mitogenic activity.
Assessing the effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) and various hormones.

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Investigating the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cholera toxin.

Main Results:

Crude pituitary and brain extracts markedly enhanced Schwann cell proliferation.
Pituitary extracts were more potent mitogens than brain extracts.
Neither pituitary nor brain extracts increased cAMP levels, but they synergized with cholera toxin.
FCS was required but insufficient alone for optimal proliferation.

Conclusions:

Bovine pituitary and brain contain potent, heat-labile mitogens for Schwann cells.
At least two distinct signaling pathways stimulate Schwann cell division.
One pathway involves increased intracellular cAMP, while another does not.