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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Neuroplasticity01:01

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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury
07:46

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury

Published on: June 29, 2015

Nerve injury triggers changes in the brain.

Karen D Davis1, Keri S Taylor, Dimitri J Anastakis

  • 1Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour -Systems Neuroscience,Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. kdavis@uhnres.utoronto.ca

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adult brain plasticity is profound. This study links peripheral nerve injury, brain changes, and personality using neuroimaging, building on animal models of injury-induced plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroplasticity research
  • Human brain imaging

Background:

  • The adult brain exhibits significant plasticity.
  • Understanding brain injury mechanisms often relies on animal models.
  • Noninvasive neuroimaging advances enable human brain plasticity studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration after injury and surgical repair.
  • To review foundational animal literature on injury-induced plasticity.
  • To correlate human brain plasticity findings with peripheral nerve injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classic animal literature on nerve injury.
  • Analysis of recent human neuroimaging studies on peripheral nerve injury.
  • Development of a theoretical model linking behavioral outcomes to brain plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral nerve injury impacts brain structure and function.
  • Animal models provide foundational insights into injury-induced plasticity.
  • Human studies reveal functional and structural brain changes post-nerve injury.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve injury induces significant brain plasticity in humans.
  • A theoretical model connects nerve injury outcomes with brain plasticity and personality.
  • Neuroimaging is crucial for understanding human brain responses to nerve injury.