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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...

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Formulations for Freeze-drying of Bacteria and Their Influence on Cell Survival

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Published on: August 3, 2013

[Dissolution characteristics of composite particles using a spray freeze drying].

Masahiro Kondo¹, Toshiyuki Niwa, Kazumi Danjo

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan. ma_kondoh@skk-net.com

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

|May 3, 2011

Summary

Spray freeze drying (SFD) created porous composite particles for sustained drug release. This method improved tolbutamide (TBM) release using a pH-dependent carrier, Eudragit S.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Technology
Materials Science

Context:

Developing advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for improving therapeutic efficacy.
Poorly water-soluble drugs often exhibit limited bioavailability.
Spray freeze drying (SFD) offers a novel approach for particle engineering.

Purpose:

To develop a sustained release formulation for poorly water-soluble drugs using SFD.
To prepare composite particles of tolbutamide (TBM) and Eudragit S.
To evaluate the physicochemical properties and dissolution profiles of SFD-prepared particles.

Summary:

Composite particles of tolbutamide (TBM) and Eudragit S were prepared using spray freeze drying (SFD).
The SFD method resulted in porous particles with increased surface area compared to bulk TBM.
Drug-to-carrier ratio influenced particle properties, reducing TBM crystallinity.
Dissolution studies demonstrated improved TBM release at pH 6.8 and sustained release after compression.

Impact:

SFD technique enables the creation of advanced drug formulations with tailored release profiles.
The use of pH-dependent carriers like Eudragit S can enhance drug delivery.
This study provides a foundation for developing novel sustained-release formulations for poorly soluble drugs.