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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
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Nonpharmacological interventions for breathlessness.

Sara Booth1, Catherine Moffat, Julie Burkin

  • 1Department of Palliative Care, University of Cambridge, UK. sara.booth@addenbrookes.nhs.uk

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonpharmacological interventions like facial cooling and mobility aids effectively manage breathlessness. While some strategies are simple, others require specialist services and patient motivation for optimal results in managing breathlessness.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Palliative Care
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Breathlessness is a challenging symptom to manage, particularly in mobile patients.
  • Nonpharmacological interventions offer effective strategies but are often poorly defined and inconsistently applied.
  • A need exists for clear recommendations on effective nonpharmacological approaches to aid clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and recommend the most effective nonpharmacological strategies for managing breathlessness.
  • To provide guidance for clinicians on implementing these interventions.
  • To consolidate evidence on diverse nonpharmacological approaches for breathlessness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence, including a significant reliance on a Cochrane Review.
  • Identification of interventions with demonstrated efficacy for breathlessness.
  • Analysis of commonly used but less defined strategies requiring further research.

Main Results:

  • Facial cooling (handheld fan), mobility aids (e.g., rollators), and neuromuscular electrical stimulation show evidence of effectiveness for breathlessness.
  • Breathing exercises, pacing, and positioning are frequently used but require further definition and research.
  • Exercise, anxiety reduction, and carer support are established strategies that indirectly benefit breathlessness management.

Conclusions:

  • All patients experiencing breathlessness should be educated on appropriate nonpharmacological interventions.
  • Implementation varies: some interventions can be taught by general clinicians, while others necessitate specialist skills and motivated patients.
  • Specialist breathlessness services may enhance the delivery of complex nonpharmacological interventions, warranting further investigation.