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Sensitive acoustic vibration sensor using single-mode fiber tapers.

Yi Li¹, Xiaozhen Wang, Xiaoyi Bao

¹Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada.

|May 3, 2011

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This study presents a novel fiber acoustic sensor using single-mode fiber (SMF) tapers. These tapers offer enhanced sensitivity for detecting acoustic vibrations in environments sensitive to electromagnetic interference.

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Photonics
Sensor Technology

Background:

Piezoelectric devices face limitations in electromagnetic sensitive environments.
Optical fiber sensors offer a viable alternative due to their inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Single-mode fiber (SMF) tapers present a promising platform for enhanced optical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel fiber acoustic sensor utilizing SMF tapers.
To investigate the enhanced sensitivity of SMF tapers compared to standard SMF for acoustic vibration detection.
To analyze the performance of the fiber taper-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for acoustic sensing.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of single-mode fiber tapers with micrometer dimensions.

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Integration of a fiber taper as the sensing arm in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Experimental testing of the sensor's response to acoustic waves across a frequency range.

Main Results:

Fiber tapers demonstrate significantly higher sensitivity to acoustic vibrations than standard SMF.
A 1.7 µm diameter fiber taper achieved a 20 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared to SMF.
The sensor successfully detected acoustic waves from 30 Hz to 40 kHz.

Conclusions:

SMF tapers are highly effective sensing elements for acoustic vibration detection.
The developed fiber acoustic sensor offers superior performance in electromagnetic sensitive environments.
Further investigation into phase changes with varying taper diameters under acoustic loading is warranted.