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Rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis and asthma development

Tuomas Jartti1, Matti Korppi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. tuomas.jartti@utu.fi

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|May 4, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Human rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis, unlike respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, significantly increases the risk of persistent wheezing and childhood asthma, even in non-atopic children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
  • HRV bronchiolitis is more prevalent in older infants, potentially linked to factors like low interferon responses and atopy.
  • Both HRV and RSV bronchiolitis can lead to recurrent wheezing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term respiratory outcomes, specifically persistent wheezing and childhood asthma, following HRV versus RSV bronchiolitis.
  • To determine if the association between HRV bronchiolitis and asthma risk is independent of atopy.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study comparing outcomes after HRV and RSV bronchiolitis.
  • Analysis of wheezing persistence up to age 6 and asthma development.
  • Assessment of the influence of atopy on the HRV-bronchiolitis asthma association.

Main Results:

  • HRV bronchiolitis is associated with a markedly higher risk of persistent wheezing until age 6 compared to RSV bronchiolitis.
  • HRV bronchiolitis significantly increases the risk of developing childhood asthma.
  • This increased asthma risk following HRV bronchiolitis remains significant even when independent of atopy.

Conclusions:

  • HRV bronchiolitis poses a greater long-term risk for persistent wheezing and asthma development than RSV bronchiolitis.
  • The link between HRV bronchiolitis and asthma is robust and not solely explained by underlying atopic predisposition.
  • Early-life HRV infection is a critical factor in the development of chronic respiratory issues like asthma.

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