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Related Concept Videos

Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Topically applied KTTKS: a review.

N H Abu Samah1, C M Heard

  • 1Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The polypeptide lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (KTTKS) shows in vitro potential for skin anti-aging by stimulating collagen synthesis. However, limited data exists on its skin penetration and clinical efficacy for cosmetic applications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Skin aging is a complex process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, driving significant research in cosmetics.
  • The polypeptide lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (KTTKS) is a key ingredient in high-end cosmetic products, often mislabeled as a 'pentapeptide'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a detailed review of KTTKS and its derivatives.
  • To evaluate the available literature on KTTKS, focusing on its physicochemical and theoretical skin permeation properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and appraisal of physicochemical and theoretical skin permeation properties of KTTKS.
  • Analysis of in vitro data regarding KTTKS effects on fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix synthesis.

Main Results:

  • KTTKS demonstrates a significant in vitro stimulatory effect on fibroblast extracellular matrix synthesis, specifically collagen types I and III, and fibronectin.
  • A notable lack of in vitro skin penetration data and limited clinical studies on KTTKS were identified in the literature.

Conclusions:

  • KTTKS shows promise for anti-aging cosmetics due to its in vitro effects on collagen and fibronectin synthesis.
  • Further research, particularly on skin penetration and clinical effectiveness, is crucial to validate KTTKS's role in cosmetic anti-aging formulations.