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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

A novel microsphere with a three-layer structure for duodenum-specific drug delivery.

Xi Zhu¹, Dan Zhou, Yun Jin

¹Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

|May 4, 2011

Summary

A novel duodenum-specific microsphere (DSM) enhances drug delivery for treating Helicobacter pylori infections. This targeted approach improves drug concentration and retention in the duodenum, overcoming limitations of standard antibiotic therapy.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

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Dissolving Microneedle Array Patches Manufactured By Solvent Casting Technique and Essential Characterization of Microneedle-Based Biomedical Devices

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Published on: January 30, 2026

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery Systems
Biomaterials

Background:

Antibiotic therapy for duodenal ulcers often fails due to rapid drug elimination and deep Helicobacter pylori colonization in mucus.
Effective eradication of H. pylori requires enhanced drug concentration and retention within the duodenal mucus layer.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel duodenum-specific microsphere (DSM) for targeted drug delivery.
To improve drug concentration and retention time in the duodenal mucus layer for enhanced H. pylori eradication.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a three-layer microsphere: drug-loaded Eudragit cores coated with thiolated chitosan (mucoadhesive layer) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate maleate (pH-sensitive layer).
Characterization using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the three-layer structure.
In vivo evaluation in rats to assess duodenal mucus drug concentration (AUC and Cmax) compared to free drug suspension.

Main Results:

Successful establishment of the three-layer microsphere structure.
Demonstrated duodenum-specific trigger performance, strong mucoadhesion, and pH-dependent drug release.
In vivo studies showed a 3-fold increase in AUC and a 5-fold increase in Cmax for duodenal mucus drug concentration with DSM compared to free drug suspension.

Conclusions:

The developed three-layer DSM effectively targets the duodenum.
DSM significantly enhances drug concentration and retention in duodenal mucus, offering a promising approach for H. pylori eradication.
This novel drug delivery system addresses limitations of conventional therapies for duodenal ulcers.