Thyrotropin, acting at least partially via adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, exerts both mitogenic and antimitogenic...

The aim of this study was to examine the role of TSH and cAMP in human thyroid cell proliferation. For this purpose, human thyrocytes were cultured in the absence or presence of TSH, cAMP analogs, or forskolin, and the following parameters were measured during 7 consecutive days: [3H]thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material, cell count (to assess cell proliferation), and cAMP accumulation. Cells proliferated during the first days in culture, reaching a maximum on day 5, followed by a decline in cell growth. TSH dose-dependently enhanced thyrocyte proliferation during the first few days of culture, but attenuated cell growth during the later stages of culture. The TSH mitogenic action was only apparent at a low cell density (10(4) cells/well in 96-well microtiter plates). TSH elicited a dose-dependent elevation of cAMP during all phases of cell culture. Furthermore, the cAMP analogs, 8-bromo-cAMP and dibutyryl cAMP, mimicked the thyrocyte proliferative and antiproliferative actions of TSH. Forskolin also mimicked the TSH mitogenic and antimitogenic effects while concomitantly elevating cAMP levels during both instances. The data, therefore, seem entirely consistent with the premise that the TSH stimulatory and inhibitory actions on human thyroid cell growth are mediated, at least partially, by cAMP. The dual actions of TSH as a mitogenic and antimitogenic factor may, thus, provide an experimental in vitro basis for the well established in vivo goitrogenic effect of TSH observed initially, followed by desensitization on prolonged exposure to the hormone.