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Oral hairy leukoplakia.

E Alessi¹, E Berti, M Cusini

¹First Clinic of Dermatology, University of Milan, Italy.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

|January 1, 1990

Summary

Oral hairy leukoplakia, linked to Epstein-Barr virus, can appear in any human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk group. Its presence is a poor prognostic sign, often preceding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) development.

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Area of Science:

Oral Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) was initially identified in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The condition is hypothesized to result from co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral hairy leukoplakia across diverse patient populations.
To determine the etiological role of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in OHL development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 59 cases of oral hairy leukoplakia.
Examination of tissue samples for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus.
Correlation with patient risk groups and Walter Reed classification stages.

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Main Results:

Oral hairy leukoplakia occurred across all HIV risk groups and Walter Reed classification stages.
Epstein-Barr virus was detected in all examined tissue samples.
Human papillomavirus was identified in a minority of specimens.
The condition exhibited a chronic course with occasional spontaneous remissions.
OHL onset was associated with a significant risk of subsequent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) development.

Conclusions:

Epstein-Barr virus is consistently associated with oral hairy leukoplakia.
Oral hairy leukoplakia serves as a significant indicator of poor prognosis in HIV-infected individuals.
Early recognition of OHL may facilitate timely intervention and management of disease progression.