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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

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Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings
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Mortality from epilepsy: Brazil (capitals), 1980-2007.

Marleide da Mota Gomes1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. mmotagomes@acd.ufrj.br

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|May 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy mortality in Brazil shows a tendency towards older males, with a significant proportion of deaths occurring at home, particularly in younger adults. Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) may be underdiagnosed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a significant neurological disorder with varying mortality patterns.
  • Understanding demographic and spatial variations in epilepsy mortality is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze age, gender, temporal, and spatial variations in epilepsy mortality statistics in Brazil.
  • To identify trends and patterns in epilepsy-related deaths across different demographics and locations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized demographic and mortality data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (1980-2007).
  • Employed Microsoft Office Excel 2007 for data description and GraphPad Prism 5.0 for trend analysis using linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Mortality shows a tendency towards the elderly and males across most age groups.
  • The 20-39 age group exhibits higher relative frequency rates, with a notable 47.52% of deaths occurring at home in the 20-29 age bracket.
  • Adjusted death rates in 2007 did not reveal clear regional predominance.

Conclusions:

  • A portion of epilepsy-coded deaths may result from acute symptomatic seizures.
  • Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) might be misdiagnosed and potentially more prevalent in individuals experiencing deaths at home.