[Clinical and neuroradiological diagnostics in Graves' orbitopathy]

Early diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is important for a timely treatment of the disease. The diagnosis is based on clinical as well as radiological findings. Detailed assessment and follow-up mainly rely on standardized clinical examinations which register symptoms and signs including inflammation, upper lid retraction, exophthalmos, eye muscle involvement and diplopia, corneal involvement, raised intraocular pressure and optic nerve involvement, the latter representing a particular challenge. Each case of GO is classified in terms of severity and activity allowing suitable therapeutic strategies to be derived.