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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
04:41

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Swelling around a child's knee.

Mohamed K Osman1, Greg J Irwin, James S Huntley

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|May 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most paediatric knee swellings are diagnosed clinically. However, some cases require further investigation using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Knee swellings in children present a broad range of potential causes.
  • Clinical examination is often sufficient for diagnosis in many pediatric knee swelling cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach for paediatric knee swellings.
  • To identify indications for advanced imaging in pediatric knee conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of paediatric knee swellings.
  • Analysis of diagnostic utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for specific knee pathologies.

Main Results:

  • The majority of paediatric knee swellings are identifiable through clinical assessment.
  • Certain types of knee swellings in children warrant advanced imaging like MRI.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical diagnosis is primary for most paediatric knee swellings.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in diagnosing complex or persistent paediatric knee swellings.