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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

New C15-substituted active vitamin D3.

Kanako Shindo1, Go Kumagai, Masashi Takano

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.

Organic Letters
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel vitamin D analogs with a modified CD-ring to explore their impact on vitamin D receptor (VDR) activity. A specific derivative demonstrated enhanced binding affinity for the human VDR (hVDR) compared to the natural hormone.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and cellular processes.
  • Understanding the structural basis of VDR activation is key to developing novel therapeutic agents.
  • Modifications to the vitamin D3 structure can alter its interaction with the VDR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel C15-substituted 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs.
  • To investigate the impact of CD-ring modifications on VDR binding and biological activity.
  • To elucidate the structural requirements for VDR agonistic positioning of helix-3 and helix-12.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis of C15-substituted vitamin D(3) analogs.
  • X-ray cocrystallographic analysis of VDR-ligand complexes.
  • Binding affinity assays for human VDR (hVDR).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel C15-substituted vitamin D(3) analogs.
  • X-ray crystallography revealed necessary CD-ring shifts (0.6 Å) and side chain modifications for maintaining 25-hydroxy group positioning.
  • The 15-hydroxy-16-ene derivative exhibited superior binding affinity to hVDR compared to the natural vitamin D3 hormone.

Conclusions:

  • CD-ring modifications are critical for optimizing VDR ligand interactions.
  • Structural adjustments in vitamin D analogs can enhance binding affinity for the VDR.
  • These findings provide a basis for designing more potent vitamin D analogs for therapeutic applications.