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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Manipulating micellar environments for enhancing transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in water at room
Bruce H Lipshutz1, Subir Ghorai, Wendy Wen Yi Leong
1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. lipshutz@chem.ucsb.edu
Abstract:
The remarkable effects of added salts on the properties of aqueous micelles derived from the amphiphile PTS are described. Most notably, Heck reactions run in the presence of NaCl lead to couplings on aryl bromides in water at room temperature. Olefin cross- and ring-closing metathesis reactions run in the presence of small amounts of pH-lowering KHSO(4) are also accelerated, another phenomenon that does not apply to typical processes in organic media. These salt effects allow, in general, for synthetically valuable C-C bond-forming processes to be conducted under environmentally benign conditions. Recycling of the surfactant is also demonstrated.
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