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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Floral-dip Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana to Examine pTSO2::β-glucuronidase Reporter Gene Expression
10:24

Floral-dip Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana to Examine pTSO2::β-glucuronidase Reporter Gene Expression

Published on: June 11, 2010

Homologous recombination is stimulated by a decrease in dUTPase in Arabidopsis.

Emeline Dubois1, Dolores Córdoba-Cañero, Sophie Massot

  • 1Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.

Plos One
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) is vital for DNA integrity. Its absence in Arabidopsis thaliana causes DNA damage and significantly increases homologous recombination, highlighting uracil incorporation

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) is an essential enzyme preventing uracil incorporation into DNA.
  • dUTPase activity is conserved across E. coli, yeast, and Arabidopsis thaliana, and is critical for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essential role and consequences of dUTPase deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To determine the impact of reduced dUTPase activity on DNA repair pathways and genetic instability.

Main Methods:

  • Generated Arabidopsis lines with diminished dUTPase activity using RNA interference (RNAi).
  • Assessed sensitivity to 5-fluoro-uracil and DNA damage using TUNEL assays.
  • Analyzed the induction of DNA repair genes (AtRAD51, AtPARP2) and homologous recombination (HR) events.

Main Results:

  • RNAi-mediated dUTPase inactivation led to sensitivity to 5-fluoro-uracil and observable DNA damage.
  • Inactivation of dUTPase induced DNA repair genes AtRAD51 and AtPARP2.
  • Plants with reduced dUTPase activity showed a seven-fold increase in homologous recombination events.

Conclusions:

  • dUTPase function is essential in Arabidopsis thaliana, protecting against uracil incorporation and maintaining genetic stability.
  • Uracil misincorporation into genomic DNA provokes genetic instability and globally stimulates homologous recombination in plants.