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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
10:14

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay

Published on: September 2, 2014

Telomerase activity in human intestine.

E Hiyama1, N Tatsumoto, T Kodama

  • 1HIROSHIMA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED 2,MINAMI KU,HIROSHIMA 734,JAPAN. HIROSHIMA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG 1,MINAMI KU,HIROSHIMA 734,JAPAN. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT CELL BIOL & NEUROSCI,DALLAS,TX 75235.

International Journal of Oncology
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase activity, which maintains chromosome ends, is found in normal human intestinal stem cells. This activity may support the extended proliferation needed for intestinal renewal tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Telomere shortening occurs in somatic cells without telomerase, impacting cellular aging.
  • Telomerase activity is crucial for maintaining telomere length in germline and immortal cells.
  • While most somatic cells lack telomerase, cancers often exhibit its activity, suggesting diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and localization of telomerase activity in normal human intestinal mucosa.
  • To explore the role of telomerase in intestinal stem cells and renewal processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of telomerase activity in human intestinal tissue samples.
  • Histological examination to determine the localization of telomerase activity within the intestinal crypts.

Main Results:

  • Detectable telomerase activity was identified in normal human intestinal mucosa.
  • This activity was specifically localized to the lower third of intestinal crypts, suggesting a link to intestinal stem cells.
  • Intestinal telomere length is shorter in adults than children, indicating telomerase activity is insufficient for full maintenance but may support proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Normal human intestinal mucosa possesses detectable telomerase activity, primarily in the lower crypts.
  • This activity likely originates from intestinal stem cells and contributes to the proliferative capacity of renewal tissues.
  • While not fully maintaining telomere length, intestinal telomerase activity plays a role in tissue renewal.