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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Human telomeric binding proteins recognizing single and double stranded DNA.

K Matsuo1, Y Yamada, H Izumi

  • 1UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,SCH MED,DEPT MOL BIOL,YAHATA NISHI KU,KITAKYUSHU,FUKUOKA 807,JAPAN. TAIHO PHARMACEUT CO,CANC RES LAB,HANNO,SAITAMA 357,JAPAN. KYUSHU UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN.

International Journal of Oncology
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified specific proteins that bind to human telomeres, the protective caps of chromosomes. One key protein, human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1, showed decreased gene expression during cell aging.

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Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
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Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

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DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling
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DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling

Published on: October 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
12:19

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

Published on: November 10, 2016

DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling
08:04

DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling

Published on: October 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human chromosome telomeres comprise repetitive TTAGGG sequences.
  • The 3' strand of telomeres is longer than the 5' strand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize single-stranded telomere binding proteins (ssTBPs) and double-stranded telomere binding proteins (dsTBPs).
  • To identify the specific proteins involved in telomere binding.
  • To investigate the expression of a identified telomere binding protein during cellular aging.

Main Methods:

  • Gel mobility shift assay
  • South-Western blotting assay
  • Lambda-gt11 expression library screening
  • cDNA sequencing

Main Results:

  • Two ssTBPs (29 and 33 kDa) and two dsTBPs (44 and 70 kDa) were identified.
  • Telomere binding proteins exhibited sequence-specific binding.
  • ssTBP-1 was identified as human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1.
  • hnRNP A1 gene expression decreased during in vitro passage of human microvascular endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Specific proteins bind to single- and double-stranded telomeric DNA.
  • Human hnRNP A1 is a single-stranded telomere binding protein.
  • hnRNP A1 expression declines with cellular aging, suggesting a role in telomere maintenance or cellular senescence.