Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reduced paraspinal muscle endurance and electromyographic fatigability are associated with greater global spinal imbalance in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Critical velocity metric derived from dynamic finite element analysis classifies hip fracture risk in a clinical cohort.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same author

Ex vivo mechanical evaluation of anatomically and mechanically conforming patient-specific lumbar spinal fusion cages designed by full-scale topology optimization.

North American Spine Society journal·2026
Same author

DXA-derived biofidelic finite element models for quantifying the efficacy of hip protectors.

JBMR plus·2026
Same author

Characterization of the acetabular labrum articular surface and its translation into biomimetic graft design.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Motion capture dataset of 137 post-operative total hip replacement patients performing activities of daily living.

Scientific data·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

The effects of dynamic loading on the intervertebral disc.

Samantha C W Chan1, Stephen J Ferguson, Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter

  • 1ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, Spine Research Center, Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014 Bern, Switzerland.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical loading is crucial for intervertebral disc (IVD) health. This review explores how cyclic loading, like compression and pressure, impacts IVD degeneration and stem cell therapies.

More Related Videos

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Mechanical loading is essential for maintaining intervertebral disc (IVD) matrix turnover.
  • Daily cyclic loading aids nutrient transport and stimulates disc cells, while injury or overload can cause degeneration.
  • Recent research focuses on cyclic loading's effects on IVD cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on intervertebral disc (IVD) and stem cell responses to cyclic compression and hydrostatic pressure.
  • To investigate the role of loading in disc degeneration initiation and progression.
  • To define physiological loading conditions for studying IVD degeneration and developing biological therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on IVD and stem cell responses to mechanical loading.
  • Analysis of research investigating cyclic compression and hydrostatic pressure effects.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose a physiological loading range.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic loading, including axial compression and hydrostatic pressure, significantly influences IVD cell biology.
  • Understanding these loading responses is key to identifying causes of disc degeneration.
  • A physiological loading range can be proposed for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological loading parameters are critical for studying disc degeneration and testing biological therapies.
  • Defining optimal loading conditions can enhance the efficacy of cell therapy, chemical therapy, and tissue engineering for IVD repair.
  • Specific loading ranges are important for differentiating stem cells into 'discogenic' cells for tissue engineering.