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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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Diagnostic Criteria and...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in ADHD.

Chandan J Vaidya1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA, cjv2@georgetown.edu.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|May 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging studies reveal brain maturation delays in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but a simple delay model is insufficient. Functional imaging shows widespread abnormalities, necessitating further research into ADHD neurodevelopment.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural and functional neuroimaging findings in ADHD.
  • To identify neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with ADHD.
  • To evaluate the limitations of current imaging techniques and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies in ADHD subjects.
  • Analysis of findings related to brain maturation, circuitry abnormalities, and developmental trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Structural imaging suggests a maturational delay of several years in ADHD, but this model is incomplete.
  • Functional imaging indicates abnormalities beyond frontal-striatal regions, including parietal, temporal, motor cortices, and cerebellum.
  • Current task-evoked functional imaging is limited by performance variability and lacks longitudinal designs, hindering inference of developmental origins.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD neurodevelopment is characterized by more than just maturational delays, with phenotypic factors influencing trajectories.
  • Task-free functional imaging and longitudinal studies are needed to better understand trait-related neurodevelopmental differences in ADHD.
  • Further research should integrate structural and functional data to elucidate ADHD's complex neurodevelopmental landscape.