Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Topical antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis in orthopedic foot and ankle surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons·2026

Same author

Phase I/II Trial of the FLT3 Kinase Inhibitor XY0206 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

European journal of haematology·2026

Same author

Developmental lineage restriction is driven by loss of genome transcriptional potency.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Wireless Motility Capsule Contractility in Predicting G-POEM Response.

Neurogastroenterology and motility·2026

Same author

Bi-allelic ATG12 variants impair autophagy and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder.

American journal of human genetics·2026

Same author

Preserved Antral Contractions Measured by Wireless Motility Capsule Are Associated With Lower Response Rates to Gastric Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy in Patients With Idiopathic Gastroparesis.

Neurogastroenterology and motility·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Functional modules distinguish human induced pluripotent stem cells from embryonic stem cells.

Anyou Wang¹, Kevin Huang, Yin Shen

¹Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Stem Cells and Development

|May 6, 2011

Summary

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) show distinct gene expression networks. These conserved differences in functional modules can accurately distinguish between iPSCs and ESCs.

More Related Videos

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Genomics
Epigenetics

Background:

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine.
Debate exists regarding whether iPSCs and ESCs possess distinct transcriptomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and identify conserved transcriptomic differences between human iPSCs and ESCs.
To determine if these differences can be used for accurate classification.

Main Methods:

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed.
Differential expression analysis of functional gene modules was performed.

Main Results:

iPSCs and ESCs exhibit 17 differentially expressed functional modules involved in transcription, metabolism, development, and immune response.
Module activation patterns are conserved across various iPSCs and can distinguish iPSCs from ESCs with 96% accuracy.
Module activation levels show an inverse correlation with DNA methylation levels.

Conclusions:

Human iPSCs and ESCs possess distinct gene expression networks.
Differential functional module activation is a conserved feature distinguishing iPSCs from ESCs.
DNA methylation may play a role in regulating these observed transcriptomic differences.