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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans
09:25

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Published on: June 9, 2018

Expression and immune function of tenascin-C.

Irina A Udalova1, Michaela Ruhmann, Scott J P Thomson

  • 1Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix protein, is normally low in healthy adults but increases during injury and infection. Its persistent expression is linked to diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans
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Published on: June 9, 2018

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04:48

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Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Extracellular Matrix Biology

Background:

  • The immune system protects against pathogens and tissue damage through innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with tightly regulated expression patterns.
  • Normally low in adult tissues, Tenascin-C is transiently induced at sites of injury and infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the roles of Tenascin-C in immune responses.
  • To understand the regulation of tissue Tenascin-C levels.
  • To examine the impact of misregulated Tenascin-C in immune-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Tenascin-C expression and function.
  • Analysis of Tenascin-C's role in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Investigation of Tenascin-C's involvement in tissue repair and pathology.

Main Results:

  • Tenascin-C plays diverse roles in immune responses.
  • Its expression is tightly controlled but can become persistent.
  • Persistent Tenascin-C is associated with chronic wounds, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Misregulated Tenascin-C expression contributes to immune-mediated disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding Tenascin-C regulation is crucial for developing treatments for related pathologies.
  • Tenascin-C is a key multifunctional molecule in immune and disease processes.