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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
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AA amyloidosis associated with hepatitis B.

Abhijeet Saha1, Jason D Theis, Julie A Vrana

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, PGIMER & Associated Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India. sethi.sanjeev@mayo.edu

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A 13-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed with renal AA amyloidosis linked to chronic hepatitis B. Mass spectrometry identified the disease-causing serum amyloid A (SAA) protein and a novel SAA variant.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by protein in the urine.
  • AA amyloidosis is a condition where amyloid protein A (AA) deposits in organs, potentially leading to kidney damage.
  • Chronic hepatitis B infection is a known risk factor for various kidney diseases.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old Indian male presented with nephrotic syndrome.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed the cause to be renal AA amyloidosis.
  • The underlying condition associated with the amyloidosis was chronic hepatitis B.

Findings:

  • Laser microdissection and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein in affected glomeruli and vessels.
  • The analysis ruled out hereditary and familial forms of amyloidosis.
  • A specific variant of SAA protein, SAA W71R, was detected, suggesting a potential genetic or acquired modification.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the association between chronic hepatitis B and renal AA amyloidosis in a pediatric patient.
  • The identification of the SAA W71R variant may offer insights into the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis.
  • Further research into SAA protein variants could improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for amyloidosis.