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Related Concept Videos

Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
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Why integrin as a primary target for imaging and therapy.

Gang Niu1, Xiaoyuan Chen

  • 1Imaging Sciences Training Program, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Institute Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH.

Theranostics
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Integrins are crucial cell adhesion receptors regulating vital cellular functions and disease processes. Targeting integrins offers significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential for various diseases.

Keywords:
Integrinangiogenesis.cell adhesion moleculeinside-out signalingoutside-in signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is fundamental to numerous cellular processes, including survival, migration, and pathological functions like tumor invasion.
  • Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of α and β subunits, linking the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton.
  • They facilitate bidirectional communication across the plasma membrane through outside-in and inside-out signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of integrins in normal and pathological cellular functions.
  • To highlight the structural and signaling mechanisms of integrins.
  • To underscore the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of targeting the integrin superfamily.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of integrin structure, function, and signaling.
  • Analysis of integrin involvement in physiological and disease states.
  • Evaluation of integrins as therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

Main Results:

  • Integrins regulate essential functions such as cell survival, differentiation, migration, and inflammatory responses.
  • Dysregulation of integrins is implicated in developmental defects and diseases like cancer.
  • Integrins exhibit distinct outside-in and inside-out signaling mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The integrin superfamily plays a pivotal role in cell adhesion and signaling.
  • Targeting integrins presents a promising strategy for developing novel therapeutics and diagnostics for a range of diseases.
  • Understanding integrin function is key to advancing treatments for conditions involving angiogenesis, leukocyte function, and tumor development.