Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inherited human TFIIIA deficiency disrupts T cell development.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Key outcomes from a stakeholder workshop on genomic newborn screening: recommended next steps for the integration of genomics into public health programs.

Public health genomics·2026
Same author

Managing non-SCID T cell lymphopenia after TREC-based newborn screening.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Clinical challenges following early detection of ataxia telangiectasia through SCID newborn screening.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Recessive loss of DIAPH1 function causes a progressive neurodevelopmental syndrome with variable immunological involvement.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026
Same author

PIDgeon: An Explainable AI Model for Improved Flow Cytometry-Based Screening of Lymphoid Primary Immunodeficiencies.

Clinical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals
08:49

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals

Published on: February 14, 2019

Educational paper: primary antibody deficiencies.

Gertjan Driessen1, Mirjam van der Burg

  • 1Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. g.driessen@erasmusmc.nl

European Journal of Pediatrics
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are common immune disorders affecting antibody production. This review covers their causes, diagnosis, and treatments for various forms, from mild to severe.

More Related Videos

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Aminopeptidase N in the Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium
09:45

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Aminopeptidase N in the Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium

Published on: May 18, 2021

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens
09:08

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Published on: September 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals
08:49

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals

Published on: February 14, 2019

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Aminopeptidase N in the Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium
09:45

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Aminopeptidase N in the Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium

Published on: May 18, 2021

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens
09:08

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most frequent primary immunodeficiencies.
  • PADs involve impaired production of antigen-specific antibodies, spanning a spectrum from mild to severe forms.
  • Clinical manifestations extend beyond respiratory infections to diverse complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of primary antibody deficiencies.
  • To detail the pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for various PADs.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Literature review on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PADs.

Main Results:

  • PADs are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting antibody production.
  • Clinical presentation varies significantly among different types of PADs.
  • Recurrent infections and other complications are common.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the spectrum of PADs is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • Effective treatment strategies can mitigate complications associated with PADs.
  • Further research into pathophysiology may lead to improved therapies.