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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Published on: March 14, 2019

MicroRNA-21 and PDCD4 expression in colorectal cancer.

K H Chang¹, N Miller, E A H Kheirelseid

¹Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology

|May 7, 2011

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. In colorectal cancer, miR-21 targets the PDCD4 tumor suppressor, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy targeting the miR-21/PDCD4 axis.

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Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Oncology
Gene regulation

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing processes like translation repression and mRNA degradation.
miR-21 is implicated in oncogenesis by targeting the PDCD4 tumor suppressor's 3'-UTR, though its precise mechanism remains unclear.
Loss of PDCD4 in colorectal cancer correlates with increased tumor aggressiveness and poorer prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between PDCD4 and miR-21 in colorectal cancer.
To elucidate the role of miR-21 in modulating PDCD4 expression within the context of colorectal tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

Gene and protein expression analysis of miR-21 and PDCD4 in colorectal tumors, normal tissues, and polyps.
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for gene expression profiling.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for assessing PDCD4 protein levels.

Main Results:

A significant inverse correlation was found between miR-21 and PDCD4 gene expression (p < 0.001).
PDCD4 expression decreased progressively from normal mucosa to polyps to tumors, while miR-21 expression increased.
Loss of PDCD4 protein staining was observed in tumor tissues, and higher miR-21 levels were associated with disease recurrence.

Conclusions:

The study confirms an inverse relationship between miR-21 and PDCD4, indicating miR-21 post-transcriptionally downregulates PDCD4, likely via mRNA degradation.
Targeting the miR-21/PDCD4 pathway presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.