Globalisation and allergy.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Allergology
• Public Health

Background:

• Globalization increases exposure to international products and foods.
• European populations may encounter novel allergens, such as dimethylfumarate, leading to allergic epidemics.
• Imported goods may bypass regulations, exposing individuals to banned or restricted substances like nickel, dyes, and preservatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To illustrate the impact of globalization on cutaneous allergic reactions.
• To highlight emerging allergic issues linked to international trade and travel.
• To provide examples of globalization-induced allergies.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical cases and literature concerning allergies related to globalized products.
• Identification of specific allergens and contaminants associated with international trade.
• Analysis of regulatory circumvention and its health implications.

Main Results:

• Dimethylfumarate has been identified as a cause of widespread contact allergy epidemics in Europe.
• Contact with regulated substances (nickel, dyes, preservatives) in imported goods can trigger allergic reactions.
• Fumigants used for freight disinfection can contaminate goods and air, potentially causing airborne contact dermatitis or other allergies.

Conclusions:

• Globalization presents a growing challenge in managing allergic diseases, including contact dermatitis and food allergies.
• Increased vigilance and regulatory oversight are needed to mitigate the risks associated with globalized products.
• Understanding the link between globalization and allergic reactions is crucial for public health strategies.