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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects in Washington State.

S Kwon1, M Lazo-Escalante, M V Villaran

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|May 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Short interpregnancy intervals (less than 6 months) or very long intervals (60 months or more) are linked to an increased risk of birth defects in infants. This finding suggests a J-shaped relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defect risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Birth Defect Research

Background:

  • The interpregnancy interval (IPI), the time between pregnancies, is known to affect various adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • However, the specific impact of IPI on the occurrence of birth defects remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and the risk of delivering an infant with a birth defect.
  • To determine if a short or long IPI influences birth defect occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study was conducted using administrative data from Washington State (1998-2008).
  • Cases comprised 10,772 women whose second birth resulted in an infant with a birth defect.
  • Controls included 32,310 women whose second birth did not result in a birth defect.

Main Results:

  • Compared to mothers with an IPI of 18-23 months, those with an IPI less than 6 months showed an elevated risk of birth defects (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.03-1.28).
  • Similarly, mothers with an IPI of 60 months or more also had an increased risk of birth defects (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26).

Conclusions:

  • A J-shaped relationship was observed between interpregnancy interval and the risk of having an infant with a birth defect.
  • This study is among the first to explore this specific association, highlighting the need for confirmatory research.