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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering
07:55

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

Anti-contamination device for cryogenic soft X-ray diffraction microscopy.

Xiaojing Huang1, Huijie Miao, Johanna Nelson

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA.

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
|May 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new anti-contaminator for cryogenic X-ray diffraction microscopy prevents ice buildup on specimens. This device significantly reduces background scattering, improving imaging of biological samples.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering
07:55

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Published on: July 6, 2019

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Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Cryogenic microscopy offers excellent structural preservation and radiation stability for biological and soft matter specimens.
  • Ice layer formation on specimens in vacuum chambers is a significant challenge in cryogenic microscopy.
  • Reducing background scattering is crucial for advanced X-ray diffraction microscopy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel liquid nitrogen-cooled anti-contamination device for cryogenic X-ray diffraction microscopy.
  • To assess the device's effectiveness in preventing ice buildup on specimens.
  • To quantify the impact of the device on background scattering in X-ray diffraction measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a liquid nitrogen-cooled anti-contamination device.
  • Integration of the device into a cryogenic X-ray diffraction microscopy setup.
  • Coherent X-ray diffraction measurements performed on specimens with and without the anti-contaminator.

Main Results:

  • The anti-contaminator effectively minimized ice layer formation on the specimen surface.
  • A fivefold reduction in background scattering was observed with the device in operation.
  • Improved data quality for far-field X-ray diffraction microscopy of biological specimens.

Conclusions:

  • The developed anti-contaminator is a valuable tool for cryogenic X-ray diffraction microscopy.
  • Reducing background scattering enhances the capabilities of X-ray diffraction microscopy for biological imaging.
  • This technology contributes to better structural analysis of frozen hydrated samples.