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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
Published on: October 10, 2025
The history of vaginal birth
Raphael Câmara Medeiros Parente1, Lílian Paglarelli Bergqvist, Marina Bento Soares
1Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Janeiro, Rua Moncorvo Filho, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. raphaelcmparente@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Vaginal delivery, as known today, is a still unfinished product that originated hundreds of million years ago, much before mammals evolved on land. In this article, we will discuss the way in which our direct ancestors were born over the eons until the present day, focusing on the factors that presented substantial changes in how birth occurred, in relation to our earlier ancestors. The history begins with the first amniotes around 300 million years ago and ends with the appearance of the first Homo sapiens around 160,000 years ago.
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