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Catching the mind in flight: using behavioral indices to detect mindless reading in real time
Michael S Franklin1, Jonathan Smallwood, Jonathan W Schooler
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Bldg 551, Room 1304, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA. franklin@psych.ucsb.edu
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|May 7, 2011
Summary
Researchers developed an algorithm to predict mind wandering during reading in real time. This advance could lead to tools to improve reading comprehension by minimizing off-task episodes.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Educational Technology
Background:
- Mind wandering during reading is common but understudied.
- Previous research indicates reading behavior changes during mind wandering.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate real-time prediction of mind wandering during reading.
- To explore the relationship between predicted mind wandering and reading comprehension.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a word-by-word reading paradigm.
- Developed an algorithm based on word reaction time variations.
- Assessed reading comprehension in a subset of participants.
Main Results:
- The algorithm successfully predicted mind wandering in real time.
- Mindless reading showed reduced sensitivity to word characteristics.
- A negative correlation was found between predicted mind wandering and reading comprehension.
Conclusions:
- Real-time prediction of mind wandering is feasible.
- Mind wandering negatively impacts reading comprehension.
- This method offers a covert measure for studying mind wandering and developing educational tools.

