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Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

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Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Male hormonal contraception: potential risks and benefits.

Niloufar Ilani¹, Ronald S Swerdloff, Christina Wang

¹Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders

|May 7, 2011

Summary

Male hormonal contraception shows promise with efficacy similar to female methods, but long-term safety data is still needed. Further research is crucial for developing safe and effective male birth control options.

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

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Published on: August 13, 2019

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

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Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Endocrinology
Pharmacology

Background:

Effective contraception is vital for reproductive health and shared family planning.
Female hormonal contraceptives are established, safe, and widely accepted.
Male hormonal contraception has demonstrated comparable efficacy but lacks an approved product.

Purpose of the Study:

To review potential risks and benefits of male hormonal contraceptives.
To assess impacts on reproductive and non-reproductive organs.
To highlight the need for long-term safety data.

Main Methods:

Literature review of male hormonal contraceptive research.
Analysis of clinical trial data focusing on efficacy and safety endpoints.
Evaluation of potential drug classes for male hormonal contraception.

Main Results:

Male hormonal contraceptives show comparable efficacy to female methods.
Short-term safety concerns are minimal in most clinical trials.
Long-term safety and comprehensive risk-benefit assessment remain undetermined.

Conclusions:

Male hormonal contraception is a promising area in reproductive health.
Further studies are required to establish long-term safety and risks.
An approved male hormonal contraceptive product is needed for a full assessment.