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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Paradigms in multiple sclerosis: time for a change, time for a unifying concept.

Bernd Krone1, John M Grange

  • 1Institute of Virology, Centre for Hygiene and Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.

Inflammopharmacology
|May 7, 2011
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be a neurocristopathy, involving faulty neural crest development, and linked to melanin pigment redox dysregulation. Further research could inform prevention strategies, such as early childhood Epstein-Barr virus vaccination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally viewed as an autoimmune disease.
  • Emerging theories propose MS as a neurocristopathy, stemming from neural crest development issues.
  • Several factors, including hygiene, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), vitamin D, and immune responses, are implicated in MS etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a unifying concept for MS pathogenesis, integrating neurocristopathy and redox dysregulation.
  • To investigate the role of melanin-like pigments in nerve tissue in MS.
  • To explain the spatial and temporal characteristics of MS based on proposed mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on MS etiology, neurocristopathy, and melanin biochemistry.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms involving redox regulation, oxidative stress, and pigment function.
  • Consideration of adaptive neuronal changes and external factors like UV light and stress.

Main Results:

  • A novel hypothesis suggests MS pathogenesis involves disturbed redox regulation in melanin-like pigment biosynthesis, potentially linked to altered vitamin D metabolism and HERV expression.
  • Pathological melanin pigments may explain MS symptoms, including responses to light and vitamin D, via oscillating oxidative processes.
  • Increased mitochondria in demyelinated neurons and stress contribute to MS pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed unifying concept integrates neurocristopathy, melanin pigment redox dysregulation, and neuronal adaptation to explain MS.
  • This framework offers new perspectives for MS prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
  • Early childhood vaccination against Epstein-Barr virus is suggested as a potential preventive measure.