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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
09:40

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

Electron spin resonance. Part one: a diagnostic method in the biomedical sciences.

Christopher J Rhodes1

  • 1University of Reading. cjrhodes@fresh-lands.com

Science Progress
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy offers diverse biomedical applications, from assessing antioxidant activity and metabolic function to aiding in disease diagnosis and forensic analysis. This review highlights ESR

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Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K
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Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
09:40

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
08:01

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K
06:45

Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K

Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying systems with unpaired electrons.
  • Its application in biomedical sciences offers unique insights into biological processes and disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse applications of ESR spectroscopy in biomedical research and diagnostics.
  • To highlight the utility of ESR in areas ranging from cellular metabolism to forensic science.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-trapping in biological media.
  • Utilizing nitroxides as probes for metabolic activity and membrane structure.
  • Coupling ESR with radiation dosimetry, food/drug irradiation studies, and enzyme system analysis.

Main Results:

  • ESR can determine antioxidant efficiencies and monitor lipid peroxidation.
  • Nitroxides serve as probes for cellular metabolic activity and cell membrane structure.
  • ESR aids in diagnosing conditions like cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, and measuring oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • ESR spectroscopy provides a versatile toolkit for biomedical investigations.
  • Applications span diagnostics, metabolic studies, forensic analysis, and environmental monitoring.
  • The technique is valuable for measuring oxidative species, oxygen concentrations, and even the age of bloodstains.