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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

Counting RNA pseudoknotted structures.

Cédric Saule1, Mireille Régnier, Jean-Marc Steyaert

  • 1LRI, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Orsay Cedex, France.

Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study refines RNA structure prediction algorithm classification by adding new algorithms and quantifying theoretical structure counts. This analysis clarifies the trade-off between RNA structure prediction expressiveness and computational complexity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • RNA Structure Prediction

Background:

  • The 2004 classification by Condon et al. categorized RNA structure prediction algorithms based on the generality of structures they handle.
  • Existing classifications lack precise quantification of the number of structures within each class.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the hierarchical classification of RNA structure prediction algorithms.
  • To provide a quantitative analysis of the hierarchy by deriving formulas for the number of possible RNA structures.
  • To assess the relationship between algorithm expressiveness and computational complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of two recent RNA structure prediction algorithms into the existing classification framework.
  • Derivation of closed-form or asymptotic formulas to calculate the theoretical number of RNA structures for a given size 'n' within different structure classes.
  • Comparative analysis of algorithm performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • The classification is updated with two novel algorithms, expanding the scope of hierarchical organization.
  • Precise mathematical formulas are presented for the number of structures in most hierarchical classes.
  • The study quantifies the trade-off between the expressiveness of RNA structure prediction algorithms and their computational demands.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced classification provides a more comprehensive understanding of RNA structure prediction algorithms.
  • Quantitative formulas enable better assessment of algorithm efficiency and suitability for specific prediction tasks.
  • This work facilitates informed choices in selecting RNA structure prediction tools based on desired expressiveness and computational constraints.