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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Circadian rhythms: biological clocks work in phospho-time.

Laura B Duvall1, Paul H Taghert

  • 1Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The 24-hour molecular clock relies on controlled protein breakdown. New research reveals how PERIOD protein phosphorylation regulates its own degradation, impacting circadian rhythms.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The circadian clock, a 24-hour molecular oscillator, governs physiological processes.
  • Precise regulation of core clock protein levels is essential for circadian rhythmicity.
  • PERIOD proteins are key components of the molecular clock, and their degradation is tightly controlled.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing PERIOD protein degradation.
  • To investigate the role of phosphorylation in controlling PERIOD protein stability.
  • To understand how these events contribute to the accuracy of the molecular oscillator.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biochemical assays to study PERIOD protein phosphorylation.
  • Employed molecular biology techniques to analyze protein degradation kinetics.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

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  • Investigated the sequential nature of phosphorylation events on PERIOD proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a series of PERIOD protein phosphorylation events.
    • Demonstrated that initial phosphorylation inhibits, while subsequent events accelerate PERIOD degradation.
    • Established a link between specific phosphorylation patterns and degradation rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Sequential phosphorylation acts as a critical control point for PERIOD protein turnover.
    • This regulatory mechanism ensures precise calibration of the molecular clock.
    • Understanding these phosphorylation events offers insights into maintaining circadian homeostasis.