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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Effectiveness and tolerability of pharmacological prophylaxis for migraine headaches: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BMJ evidence-based medicine·2026
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Improving Diagnosis and Management of Infantile-Onset Epilepsies in Resource-Limited Settings (SHIELD Model).

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Effectiveness and Tolerability of Pharmacologic Prophylaxis for Chronic Migraine : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

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Effectiveness and tolerability of pharmacological prophylaxis in migraine patients with prior preventive treatment failure: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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Multicentre Delphi consensus-based development and validation of the Tele-ESSI-KAP scale: Assessing epilepsy competencies among school teachers.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders
10:08

The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders

Published on: August 25, 2022

The opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome.

Jitendra Kumar Sahu1, Kameshwar Prasad

  • 1Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Practical Neurology
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome is a rare neurological disorder with eye movements, myoclonus, and ataxia. It can stem from infections or cancers like neuroblastoma and lung carcinoma.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuro-oncology

Background:

  • Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder.
  • Characterized by opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and behavioral changes.

Observation:

  • OMS can be triggered by para-infectious brainstem encephalitis.
  • It may also indicate neuroblastoma in children or lung cancer in adults.

Findings:

  • The article details clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of OMS.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies is crucial for effective treatment.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and management are vital for improving patient outcomes.
  • Recognizing OMS as a paraneoplastic syndrome aids in timely cancer detection.

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The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders
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