Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility Testing a Meditation App for Professionals Working With Youth in the Legal System: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 2 Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

JMIR research protocols·2025
Same author

Common Questions About Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

American family physician·2025
Same author

SIREN 2025 National Research Meeting: Advancing the Science of Social Care.

Health services research·2025
Same author

A randomized controlled trial of a family-based HIV/STI prevention program for Black girls and male caregivers in Chicago: IMAGE study protocol paper.

PloS one·2025
Same author

A whole-of-society approach to depression prevention during the global pandemic: Preliminary data from three large-scale trials.

Journal of consulting and clinical psychology·2025
Same author

Preschool and Me: Educational-clinical linkage to improve health equity for children with developmental delays and disabilities from historically marginalized communities.

Contemporary clinical trials communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Genitourinary infections after a routine pelvic exam.

Jeffrey D Tiemstra1, Patricia D Chico, Emily Pela

  • 1Family Medicine Center, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. jtiemstr@uic.edu

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Routine pelvic exams, specifically Papanicolaou smears, may increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. This study found UTIs were more common in the 7 weeks following the procedure.

More Related Videos

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection
05:32

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Published on: September 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection
05:32

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Published on: September 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Urology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Routine pelvic examinations are common gynecological procedures for women's health screening.
  • Potential short-term adverse effects following these examinations require investigation to ensure patient safety and inform clinical practice.
  • Understanding the temporal relationship between Papanicolaou smears and genitourinary complaints is crucial for patient counseling and follow-up care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether genitourinary problems, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs), are more prevalent in women during the initial 1 to 2 months after a routine pelvic examination.
  • To quantify the increased risk of UTIs and other genitourinary complaints in the period immediately following a Papanicolaou smear.

Main Methods:

  • A historical cohort study was conducted involving women who underwent Papanicolaou smears in 2006 at urban university family medicine clinics.
  • Subjects were women within the first 7 weeks post-Papanicolaou smear, compared to controls in weeks 8 to 52 post-smear.
  • Data collected included visits for urinary complaints, diagnosed UTIs, vaginal complaints, diagnosed vaginitis, and sexually transmitted diseases, analyzed using 2-tailed t tests.

Main Results:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and general urinary complaints were significantly more frequent in the 7 weeks after a Papanicolaou smear compared to later periods (8-14, 8-48, 8-52 weeks).
  • The attributable risk for UTIs during the first 7 weeks was 11% of observed UTIs, indicating a notable increase.
  • Combined fungal and bacterial vaginitis showed a marginal increase in the first 7 weeks, while sexually transmitted diseases were evenly distributed and unrelated to the timing of the smear.

Conclusions:

  • The risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI) is demonstrably increased in the 7 weeks subsequent to undergoing a Papanicolaou smear.
  • These findings suggest a need for heightened awareness and potential preventative strategies for UTIs in the period immediately following routine pelvic examinations.